Which Paired Variables Might Indicate a Correlation but NOT Causation

question 126

Multiple Choice

Which paired variables might indicate a correlation but NOT causation?

• A) advertising expenditures and sales
• B) snowfall amounts and stock market performance
• C) age and health care expenditures
• D) grade point average and future income

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Definitions:

Older Adults

Individuals typically aged 65 years and above, often requiring considerations for healthcare, social support, and policy planning.

Colostomy

A surgical procedure that creates an opening from the colon through the abdomen to allow for waste removal.

Tracheostomy

A medical procedure that involves creating an opening through the neck into the trachea to provide an alternate airway for breathing.

Abdominal Surgery

Operations performed on organs and structures within the abdomen, including the stomach, liver, gallbladder, intestines, and appendix.