Which of the Following Criteria Are Used to Define Ventilatory

question 8

Multiple Choice

Which of the following criteria are used to define ventilatory and hypoxemic dysfunction in patients who may need intubation?
I. PaO₂ < 80 mm Hg with FiO₂ > 0.60
II. PaCO₂ > 50 to 60 mm Hg
III. pH < 7.3
IV. PaO₂/ FiO₂ > 250

• A) I and III only
• B) II and III only
• C) I, II, and III only
• D) I, III, and IV only

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Definitions:

Nociceptors

Pain receptors; free endings of certain sensory neurons whose stimulation is perceived as pain.

Chemoreceptors

Sensory cells or organs responsive to chemical stimuli, involved in detecting changes in the chemical composition of the environment or body.

Nociceptor

A sensory receptor that responds to potentially damaging stimuli by sending signals to the spinal cord and brain, which is interpreted as pain.

Substance P

A peptide involved in transmitting pain messages to the brain and is involved in inflammatory processes.