Proton Pumps Are Used in Various Ways by Members of Every

question 69

Multiple Choice

Proton pumps are used in various ways by members of every domain of organisms: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. What does this most probably mean?

• A) Proton pumps must have evolved before any living organisms were present on Earth.
• B) Proton gradients across a membrane were used by cells that were the common ancestor of all three domains of life.
• C) The high concentration of protons in the ancient atmosphere must have necessitated a pump mechanism.
• D) Cells of each domain evolved proton pumps independently when oceans became more acidic.
• E) Proton pumps are necessary to all cell membranes.

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Definitions:

Inner Transformation

Refers to a fundamental change in the inner self, often in terms of personal attitudes, beliefs, or perspectives.

Liberation

The act or process of freeing someone or something from another's control or overcoming a limiting condition or situation.

Ancestors

Predecessors from which one is descended, generally referring to earlier generations of a person's family lineage, who may influence current cultural, social, or biological aspects of the family.

Distinctive Role

Distinctive Role refers to a unique function or position that differentiates one entity or concept from another within a particular context or system.