It Is Possible to Prepare Vesicles from Portions of the Inner

question 72

Multiple Choice

It is possible to prepare vesicles from portions of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Which one of the following processes could still be carried on by this isolated inner membrane?

• A) the citric acid cycle
• B) oxidative phosphorylation
• C) glycolysis and fermentation
• D) reduction of NAD⁺
• E) both the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation

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Definitions:

Urea

A nitrogenous waste product formed in the liver, the final product of protein metabolism, and excreted in the urine.

Countercurrent Multiplier

A system, particularly in the kidney, that enables the production of a concentrated urine by exploiting the flow of fluids in opposite directions.

Medullary Interstitial Fluid

The fluid found in the interstitial spaces of the medulla in the kidneys, crucial for the concentration of urine.

Parallel Tubes

Structures resembling cylinders or tubes, aligned side by side, often found in biological and mechanical systems.