In Chemiosmotic Phosphorylation, What Is the Most Direct Source of Energy

question 20

Multiple Choice

In chemiosmotic phosphorylation, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + ᵢto ATP?

• A) energy released as electrons flow through the electron transport system
• B) energy released from substrate-level phosphorylation
• C) energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase, against the electrochemical gradient
• D) energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase, down the electrochemical gradient
• E) No external source of energy is required because the reaction is exergonic.

---

Definitions:

Orthostatic Hypotension

A form of low blood pressure that happens when standing up from sitting or lying down, causing dizziness or lightheadedness.

Maslow's Hierarchy

A theory in psychology that categorizes human needs into five levels within a hierarchy, from basic needs to self-actualization.

Love and Belongingness

A human emotional need to be an accepted member of a group, whether it be family, friends, or a larger community.

Bereavement Support Group

A gathering of individuals who have experienced the loss of a loved one, offering a communal space for sharing grief and receiving emotional support.