The Following Question Refers to the Essential Steps in Meiosis

question 61

Multiple Choice

The following question refers to the essential steps in meiosis described below.
1. Formation of four new nuclei, each with half the chromosomes present in the parental nucleus
2. Alignment of tetrads at the metaphase plate
3. Separation of sister chromatids
4. Separation of the homologs; no uncoupling of the centromere
5. Synapsis; chromosomes moving to the middle of the cell in pairs
-Independent assortment of chromosomes is a result of

• A) the random and independent way in which each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis I.
• B) the random nature of the fertilization of ova by sperm.
• C) the random distribution of the sister chromatids to the two daughter cells during anaphase II.
• D) the relatively small degree of homology shared by the X and Y chromosomes.
• E) the random and independent way in which each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis I, the random nature of the fertilization of ova by sperm, the random distribution of the sister chromatids to the two daughter cells during anaphase II, and the relatively small degree of homology shared by the X and Y chromosomes.

Grasp the stages of the demographic transition theory and how economic growth affects mortality and fertility rates.

Recognize the importance of replacement level fertility in maintaining population stability.

Comprehend the critiques and limitations of the demographic transition theory.

Analyze the impact of industrialization and modernization on family size and economic burdens.

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Definitions:

Carbonyl Stretch

Refers to the vibration of the carbon-oxygen double bond in the infrared spectroscopy region, often used to identify carbonyl-containing functional groups in organic compounds.

Characteristic Stretches

Specific vibrational movements observed in infrared spectroscopy, unique to various functional groups in a molecule.

Stretching Frequency

A term used in vibrational spectroscopy to describe the rate at which a bond between atoms vibrates, often measured in wave numbers (cm^-1).

Broad Absorption

In spectroscopy, it indicates a wide range of wavelengths over which a substance absorbs electromagnetic radiation.