Males Are More Often Affected by Sex-Linked Traits Than Females

question 51

Multiple Choice

Males are more often affected by sex-linked traits than females because

• A) male hormones such as testosterone often alter the effects of mutations on the X chromosome.
• B) female hormones such as estrogen often compensate for the effects of mutations on the X chromosome.
• C) X chromosomes in males generally have more mutations than X chromosomes in females.
• D) males are hemizygous for the X chromosome.
• E) mutations on the Y chromosome often worsen the effects of X-linked mutations.

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Definitions:

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Part of the autonomic nervous system that conserves energy and restores the body to a state of calm.

Central Nervous System

The part of the nervous system comprising the brain and spinal cord, responsible for processing and sending out nervous signals.

General Adaptation Syndrome

A three-phase response pattern to stress described by Hans Selye, consisting of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion stages.

Alarm Reaction

The initial stage in the stress response, where the body prepares to fight or flee from perceived threats.