Males Are More Often Affected by Sex-Linked Traits Than Females

question 51

Multiple Choice

Males are more often affected by sex-linked traits than females because

• A) male hormones such as testosterone often alter the effects of mutations on the X chromosome.
• B) female hormones such as estrogen often compensate for the effects of mutations on the X chromosome.
• C) X chromosomes in males generally have more mutations than X chromosomes in females.
• D) males are hemizygous for the X chromosome.
• E) mutations on the Y chromosome often worsen the effects of X-linked mutations.

---

Definitions:

Balance of Probabilities

A standard of proof in civil trials requiring that a case is more likely to be true than not, essentially over 50% likelihood.

Criminal Matter

A legal issue or case involving violations of public law and the commission of acts that are prohibited and punishable by the state.

Jury

A group of citizens selected according to law, who are sworn to inquire into matters of fact and deliver a verdict based on the evidence presented in a court trial.

Plaintiff

The party who initiates a lawsuit in a court of law against another party, the defendant, seeking legal remedy.