The Following Questions Refer to the Evolutionary Tree in Figure

question 8

Multiple Choice

The following questions refer to the evolutionary tree in Figure 22.2.
The horizontal axis of the cladogram depicted below is a timeline that extends from 100,000 years ago to the present; the vertical axis represents nothing in particular. The labeled branch points on the tree (V-Z) represent various common ancestors. Let's say that only since 50,000 years ago has there been enough variation between the lineages depicted here to separate them into distinct species, and only the tips of the lineages on this tree represent distinct species.

Figure 22.2
-Which of the five common ancestors, labeled V-Z, has given rise to the greatest number of species, both extant and extinct?

• A) V
• B) W
• C) Z
• D) Both W and Z can be considered to have given rise to the greatest number of extant and extinct species.
• E) Both X and Y can be considered to have given rise to the greatest number of extant and extinct species.

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Definitions:

Urinary Tract Infection

An infection in any part of the urinary system, including kidneys, bladder, or urethra, common symptoms include pain and frequent urination.

Urodynamic Testing

A series of tests that assess how well the bladder, sphincters, and urethra are storing and releasing urine.

Involuntary Urine Leakage

The unintentional loss of urine, often referred to as urinary incontinence.

Flank Pain

Pain on the side of the body between the ribs and hip, often associated with kidney problems but can have various causes.