A Hiatal Hernia That Disrupts the Functional Relationship Between the Smooth

question 30

Multiple Choice

A hiatal hernia that disrupts the functional relationship between the smooth muscle in the esophagus and that in the stomach would be most likely to increase the frequency of

• A) gastric reflux.
• B) premature entry of food into the duodenum.
• C) excess secretion of pepsinogen.
• D) increased stomach pH.
• E) retention of food in the stomach.

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Definitions:

Observations

Individual data points or recorded measures from a study or experiment.

Independent Variables

Factors in a model or experiment that are deliberately altered to study their impacts on outcome variables.

Collinearity

A statistical phenomenon where two or more predictor variables in a multiple regression model are highly correlated, making it difficult to isolate the individual effects of each predictor.

Odds Ratio

The odds that y = 1 given that one of the independent variables increased by one unit (odds1) divided by the odds that y = 1 given no change in the values for the independent variables (odds0); that is, Odds ratio = odds1 / odds0.