White-Crowned Sparrows Can Only Learn the "Crystallized" Song for Their

question 6

Multiple Choice

White-crowned sparrows can only learn the "crystallized" song for their species by

• A) listening to adult sparrow songs during a sensitive period as a fledgling, followed by a practice period until the juvenile matches its melody to its memorized fledgling song.
• B) listening to the song of its own species during a critical period so that it will imprint to its own species song and not the songs of other songbird species.
• C) practicing as a fledgling until the innate species-specific song becomes perfected.
• D) performing the crystallized song as adults when they become sexually mature, as the song is programmed into the innate behavior for the species.
• E) observing and practicing after receiving social confirmation from other adults at a critical period during their first episode of courtship behavior.

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