For Most Terrestrial Ecosystems, Pyramids of Numbers, Biomass, and Energy

question 44

Multiple Choice

For most terrestrial ecosystems, pyramids of numbers, biomass, and energy are essentially the same-they have a broad base and a narrow top. The primary reason for this pattern is that

• A) secondary consumers and top carnivores require less energy than producers.
• B) at each step, energy is lost from the system as a result of keeping the organisms alive.
• C) as matter passes through ecosystems, some of it is lost to the environment.
• D) biomagnification of toxic materials limits the secondary consumers and top carnivores.
• E) top carnivores and secondary consumers have a more general diet than primary producers.

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Definitions:

W. Edwards Deming

An American engineer, statistician, professor, author, lecturer, and management consultant known for his work in the field of quality management.

Glass Ceiling

An invisible barrier that prevents minorities and women from rising beyond a certain level in a hierarchy, especially in a corporate context.

Minority Advancement

The process or policies aimed at increasing representation, opportunities, and support for groups that are underrepresented or disadvantaged in society or specific sectors.

Hidden Barrier

An unseen or not immediately obvious obstacle that prevents or hinders progress or achievement.