- the Study by Xue Et Al

question 8

Multiple Choice

- The study by Xue et al., 2010, compared the study-phase retrieval hypothesis with the encoding variability hypothesis. The data:

• A)Overwhelmingly supported the encoding variability hypothesis
• B)Overwhelmingly supported the study-phase retrieval hypothesis
• C)Contrary to their predictions, overwhelmingly supported the deficient processing hypothesis
• D)Did not support either of them
• E)Led the authors to discover the testing effect

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Definitions:

Lower-order Needs

Basic human necessities such as food, water, and safety, which are foundational before higher-level needs can be pursued, according to Maslow's hierarchy.

High Need

A strong requirement or desire for something, which can drive behavior and motivation in both personal and professional contexts.

Maslow's Hierarchy

A theory in psychology proposed by Abraham Maslow that outlines a hierarchy of human needs, from basic physiological needs to self-actualization, suggesting that higher needs can only be pursued once foundational ones are met.

Physiological Needs

Basic requirements for human survival, such as food, water, shelter, and clothing, which are the foundation of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.