An Artifact Such as Experimenter Bias Is a Threat to the Validity

question 18

Multiple Choice

An artifact such as experimenter bias is a threat to the validity of measurement because the ____.

• A) outcome measurements may be distorted by the artifact
• B) artifact is an external factor, unrelated to the experiment
• C) artifact will allow participants to identify the experimental manipulation
• D) artifact will reduce reliability which will, in turn, reduce validity

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Definitions:

Three-Layered Embryo

Also known as the gastrula, it refers to an early stage in embryonic development where the embryo consists of three primary layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.

Organogenesis

The phase during embryonic development when the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm develop into the internal organs of the organism.

Embryonic Development

The process by which the embryo forms and develops, starting from a single cell and leading to a complex, multi-cellular organism.

Archenteron

The primitive gut formed during early embryonic development in animals, from which the digestive tract eventually develops.