Which Characteristic Is Necessary for an Extraneous Variable to Become

question 29

Multiple Choice

Which characteristic is necessary for an extraneous variable to become a confounding variable?

• A) It must change systematically from one participant to the next.
• B) It must change systematically when the independent variable is changed.
• C) It must have no systematic relationship with the dependent variable.
• D) It must have no systematic relationship to the independent or dependent variables.

---

Definitions:

Labor-Leisure Tradeoff

The balance individuals must find between time spent working, which earns income, and time spent enjoying leisure activities.

Substitution Effect

The change in consumption resulting from a change in the relative prices of goods, prompting consumers to replace more expensive items with less costly alternatives.

Income Effect

The shift in income for an individual or the economy, and its influence on the demand for a specific good or service.

Wages Increase

The act or occurrence of raising the amount of money that workers are paid for their labor.