Movement of Ions Through Channels Occurs as a Result of Gradients

question 81

Multiple Choice

Movement of ions through channels occurs as a result of gradients. If left alone, these gradients would eventually run down (ie reach equilibrium) . How do active transporters (pumps) like the Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase maintain the gradients?

• A) They pump charges only across the membrane, maintaining the electrical gradient.
• B) They pump neutral elements (atoms) only across the membrane, maintaining the concentration gradient.
• C) They pump ions across the membrane maintaining both electrical and concentration gradients.
• D) They pump water across the membrane maintaining osmotic and concentration gradients.

---

Definitions:

Effect Size

A quantitative measure of the magnitude of the experimental effect, indicating how large the difference is between groups.

Association

A connection or relationship between two or more variables, where changes in one variable relate to changes in another.

Variables

Elements or characteristics in research that can change or vary, often categorized as dependent or independent.

Correlation Coefficient

A numeric metric that determines the intensity and orientation of a linear association between two numerical variables.