Movement of Ions Through Channels Occurs as a Result of Gradients

question 81

Multiple Choice

Movement of ions through channels occurs as a result of gradients. If left alone, these gradients would eventually run down (ie reach equilibrium) . How do active transporters (pumps) like the Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase maintain the gradients?

• A) They pump charges only across the membrane, maintaining the electrical gradient.
• B) They pump neutral elements (atoms) only across the membrane, maintaining the concentration gradient.
• C) They pump ions across the membrane maintaining both electrical and concentration gradients.
• D) They pump water across the membrane maintaining osmotic and concentration gradients.

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