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A spaceship from another galaxy passes over the solar system directly above a radial line from the sun to the Earth. (We measure that distance to be 1.5 × 1011 m.) On Earth, the spaceship is observed to be traveling at a speed of 0.80 c, for which γ = 5/3. As measured on Earth it takes the spaceship 625 seconds to travel from the sun to Earth. When a scientist in the spaceship measures the Earth-sun distance and the time it takes her to travel that distance, she finds the results are respectively
Goals Per Game
A statistical measure used in sports to indicate the average number of goals scored by a team or player per game.
Least-squares Regression Line
A straight line that minimizes the sum of the squared deviations of the data points from the line, used in linear regression analysis.
P-value
The probability of observing results as extreme as the results actually observed, under the assumption that the null hypothesis is true.
Hypotheses
Proposed explanations for a phenomenon, set as a basis for further investigation to prove or disprove.
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