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When a cube is inscribed in a sphere of radius r, the length L of a side of the cube is . If a positive point charge Q is placed at the center of the spherical surface, the ratio of the electric flux Φsphere at the spherical surface to the flux Φcube at the surface of the cube is
Classical Conditioning
Classical conditioning is a learning process where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus, eliciting a similar response.
Negative Reinforcement
A behavioral concept where the removal of an unpleasant stimulus following a desired behavior increases the likelihood of that behavior being repeated in the future.
Punishment
A process in which a response is followed by a stimulus that decreases the likelihood of that response being repeated.
Undesirable Behaviours
Actions or reactions that are not wanted or are considered negative by society, a group, or an individual.
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