Melanie Says That When a Diver Enters an Underwater Cave

question 15

Multiple Choice

Melanie says that when a diver enters an underwater cave of height h, the pressure on her is no greater than ρ_Wgh. Rosalind says that if the bottom of the cave is a distance H below the water surface, the pressure on the soles of the diver's feet can reach ρ_WgH. Which one, if either, is correct? (The density of water is ρ_W.)

• A) Melanie, because the roof of the cave absorbs the water pressure from above.
• B) Melanie, because only the fluid directly above any volume of the fluid can contribute to the pressure on that volume.
• C) Rosalind, because a fluid exerts equal pressure in all directions at a given depth.
• D) Rosalind, because the pressure also depends on the density, ρ_c, of the material above the cave roof, so that p = ρ_cg(H − h) + ρ_Wgh.
• E) Melanie, because the pressure equals p = ρ_WgH − ρ_cg(H − h).

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