TABLE 11-9 Psychologists Have Found That People Are Generally Reluctant to Transmit

question 75

Multiple Choice

TABLE 11-9
Psychologists have found that people are generally reluctant to transmit bad news to their peers. This phenomenon has been termed the "MUM effect." To investigate the cause of the MUM effect, 40 undergraduates at Duke University participated in an experiment. Each subject was asked to administer an IQ test to another student and then provide the test taker with his or her percentile score. Unknown to the subject, the test taker was a bogus student who was working with the researchers. The experimenters manipulated two factors: subject visibility and success of test taker, each at two levels. Subject visibility was either visible or not visible to the test taker. Success of the test taker was either top 20% or bottom 20%. Ten subjects were randomly assigned to each of the 2 x 2 = 4 experimental conditions, then the time (in seconds) between the end of the test and the delivery of the percentile score from the subject to the test taker was measured. (This variable is called the latency to feedback.) The data were subjected to appropriate analyses with the following results.
Source df SS MS F PR > F
Subject visibility 1 1380.24 1380.24 4.26 0.043
Test taker success 1 1325.16 1325.16 4.09 0.050
Interaction 1 3385.80 3385.80 10.45 0.002
Error 36 11,664.00 324.00
Total 39 17,755.20
-Referring to Table 11-9, at the 0.01 level, what conclusions can you reach from the analysis?

• A) At the 0.01 level, subject visibility and test taker success are significant predictors of latency feedback.
• B) At the 0.01 level, the model is not useful for predicting latency to feedback.
• C) At the 0.01 level, there is evidence to indicate that subject visibility and test taker success interact.
• D) At the 0.01 level, there is no evidence of interaction between subject visibility and test taker success.

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Definitions:

Confederate

A person who is part of an experiment's setup and works for the researcher, appearing as a participant to deceive actual participants.

False Accusation

Involves wrongly accusing someone of wrongdoing or misconduct without evidence or based on incorrect information.

Deviancy Training

A process through which individuals are influenced by peers to engage in antisocial or criminal behavior, reinforcing such behavior as acceptable or normative.

Delinquency Socialization

involves the process by which individuals learn delinquent behaviors and norms from their interactions within certain groups or environments.