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Relative velocity: You want to swim straight across a river that is wide. You find that you can do this if you swim at an angle of θ = 28° from the upstream direction at a constant rate of
relative to the water. At what rate does the river flow? The angle θ is measured from the river bank (directly upstream is
while directly across the river is
Desert-Living Animals
Animals that have adapted to survive in desert environments, characterized by extreme temperatures and scarce water.
Uric Acid
A waste product formed from the breakdown of purines, excreted in urine, high levels of which can lead to gout and kidney stones.
Protonephridia
Protonephridia are excretory structures found in some invertebrates, such as flatworms, consisting of a network of dead-end tubules connected to external openings.
Flatworm
A group of simple, soft-bodied invertebrates that belong to the phylum Platyhelminthes, characterized by their flattened bodies and lack of specialized respiratory and circulatory systems.
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