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Heat engines: A real (non-Carnot) heat engine, operating between heat reservoirs at temperatures of and
performs 2.4 kJ of net work and rejects
of heat in a single cycle. The thermal efficiency of this heat engine is closest to
Transfer Payments
Payments made by the government to individuals without any expectation of a direct return service or goods, such as social security benefits.
Government Expenditures
Spending by the government on goods, services, and projects to fulfill its various functions, such as infrastructure, education, and defense.
Income Transfers
Payments made without any corresponding contribution of goods or services, such as welfare benefits or grants.
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