Consider the Following Reducer Code: 1 #!/Usr/bin/env Python3

question 23

Multiple Choice

Consider the following reducer code: 1 #!/usr/bin/env python3
2 # length_reducer.py
3 """Counts the number of words with each length."""
4 import sys
5 from itertools import groupby
6 from operator import itemgetter
7
8 def tokenize_input() :
9 """Split each line of standard input into a key and a value."""
10 for line in sys.stdin:
11 yield line.strip() .split('\t')
12
13 # produce key-value pairs of word lengths and counts separated by tabs
14 for word_length, group in groupby(tokenize_input() , itemgetter(0) ) :
15 try:
16 total = sum(int(count) for word_length, count in group)
17 print(word_length + '\t' + str(total) )
18 except ValueError:
19 pass # ignore word if its count was not an integer
Which of the following statements a) , b) or c) is false?

• A) Function tokenize_input is a generator function that reads and splits the key-value pairs produced by the mapper.
• B) The mapper script sends its output directly to the reducer script.
• C) For each line, tokenize_input strips any leading or trailing whitespace (such as the terminating newline) and yields a list containing the key and a value.
• D) All of the above statements are true.

Identify and describe the differences between interdisciplinarity and postdisciplinarity within academic research and discourse.

Understand the relationship between critical thinking and social action at the macro level and the role of higher education institutions in fostering critical engagement.

Describe the concepts of manifest and latent functions and their significance in functionalist theory.

Explain the concept of life chances and its effect on individual choices and opportunities.

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Definitions:

Consumer Demand

The desire and willingness of consumers to purchase goods and services at given prices.

Economic Profits

The divergence in a company's overall sales versus its combined expenses, spanning both acknowledged and hidden costs.

Perfectly Competitive

A market structure characterized by a large number of buyers and sellers, where no single entity can affect the price of the product.

Realizing Profits

The process by which a firm converts its operations and investments into financial gains or returns.