If the Instrumental Variable Estimator Has an Upward Bias, the Ordinary

question 2

True/False

If the instrumental variable estimator has an upward bias, the ordinary least square estimator always has a downward bias.

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Definitions:

Impairment

The diminution in the recoverable value of an asset below its carrying amount, reflecting a decline in the quality, quantity, or market value of the asset.

AASB 136

The Australian Accounting Standards Board standard on impairment of assets, providing guidelines on how an entity should test for and recognize impairment.

AASB 136

The Australian Accounting Standards Board standard related to the impairment of assets, requiring testing for impairment to ensure asset values are not overstated.

Impairment Losses

Financial write-downs recognized when the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount, indicating that the asset has suffered a decline in value that is not recoverable.