What Should Be the Degrees of Freedom (Df) for Fixed

question 23

Multiple Choice

What should be the degrees of freedom (df) for fixed effects estimation if the data set includes 'N' cross sectional units over 'T' time periods and the regression model has 'k' independent variables?

• A)N-kT
• B)NT-k
• C)NT-N-k
• D)N-T-k

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Definitions:

Professional Criminals

Individuals who engage in criminal activities as their main occupation, often with skills and methods to evade law enforcement.

Arrested

The act of being taken into custody by law enforcement officials for the suspicion of having committed a crime.

Actual Violence

Real acts of physical aggression or harm directed towards others, as opposed to threats or verbal abuse.

Armed Robbery

The act of stealing from someone or somewhere using weapons, constituting a serious and violent crime.