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In most real-world inventory problems, lead time and demand vary in ways that make simulation a necessity because mathematical modeling is extremely difficult.
Efficiency Loss
The loss of economic efficiency that can occur when the balance between supply and demand is not achieved, leading to potential welfare loss.
Deadweight Loss
See efficiency loss.
Marginal Cost
The increase in expenditure incurred from making one more unit of a product or service.
Marginal Benefit
The extra benefit or utility received from the consumption or production of an additional unit of a product or service.
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