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In the finite population waiting line model, the average length of the queue is calculated from the probability the system is empty.
Standard Costs
Predetermined or estimated costs for a product or service, used for budgeting purposes and as a benchmark for measuring performance.
Materials Price Variance
A measure of the difference between the actual cost of materials and the expected cost, based on the standard price.
Direct Labor-hours
The total hours worked by employees directly involved in the manufacturing process, often used as a basis for allocating overhead costs in traditional costing systems.
Flexible Budget
A budget that adjusts or flexes with changes in volume or activity, helping companies to better plan for and manage expenses related to changes in production or sales.
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