What Did a Review of the Literature on the Effectiveness

question 56

Multiple Choice

What did a review of the literature on the effectiveness of group therapy for HIV-positive individuals conclude?

• A)Although further study is needed, psychosocial interventions are helpful for enhancing psychosocial functioning but have no effect on physical functioning such as immune system activity.
• B)Although further study is needed, there seem to be positive effects in patients with advanced-stage disease, but no effects have been observed in those in a very early, asymptomatic stage of the disease.
• C)Although further study is needed, group interventions have produced no noticeable improvements in either physical or psychological functioning of these patients.
• D)Although further study is needed, there seem to be positive changes in immune and endocrine activity associated with structured group interventions.

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Definitions:

Costal Cartilage

The bars of hyaline cartilage that connect the ribs to the sternum, contributing to the elasticity and expansion capability of the rib cage.

True Ribs

The first seven pairs of ribs that are directly attached to the sternum through their costal cartilages, providing vital protection for the thoracic organs.

Sternum

The long, flat bone located in the center of the chest, connected to the rib bones by cartilage, commonly known as the breastbone.

Spongy Bone

A type of bone tissue that is characterized by its porous, honeycomb-like structure, found at the ends of long bones and in the inner layer of flat bones.