A Researcher Wants to Conduct a Before/after Study on 11

question 12

Multiple Choice

A researcher wants to conduct a before/after study on 11 subjects to determine if a treatment results in any difference in scores.The null hypothesis is that the average difference is zero while the alternative hypothesis is that the average difference is not zero.Scores are obtained on the subjects both before and after the treatment.After subtracting the after scores from the before scores, the average difference is computed to be -2.40 with a sample standard deviation of 1.21.Assume that the differences are normally distributed in the population.The degrees of freedom for this test are ___.

• A)11
• B)10
• C)9
• D)20
• E)2

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Definitions:

Learned Behavior Patterns

Behaviors acquired through interaction with the environment and experience, as opposed to those that are genetically inherited.

Neural Networks

Computational models inspired by the brain's structure and function, designed to recognize patterns and solve complex problems through learning and adaptation.

Synapses

The junctions between neurons, allowing for the transmission of signals from one neuron to another.

Epigenetic Marks

Chemical modifications to DNA and histone proteins that can regulate gene expression without altering the DNA sequence.