A Researcher Wants to Conduct a Before/after Study on 11

question 53

Multiple Choice

A researcher wants to conduct a before/after study on 11 subjects to determine if a treatment results in any difference in scores.The null hypothesis is that the average difference is zero while the alternative hypothesis is that the average difference is not zero.Scores are obtained on the subjects both before and after the treatment.After subtracting the after scores from the before scores, the average difference is computed to be -2.40 with a sample standard deviation of 1.21.Assume that the differences are normally distributed in the population.The observed t value for this test is ___.

• A)-21.82
• B)-6.58
• C)-2.4
• D)1.98
• E)2.33

---

Definitions:

Depressed State

A condition or mood of feeling sad, helpless, and dispirited, often with a lack of energy and difficulty in maintaining daily activities.

Mental Illness

A disorder that affects a person’s mood, thinking, and behavior, often requiring medical or therapeutic intervention.

Biopsychosocial Approach

A holistic perspective that acknowledges the complex interplay between biological, psychological, and social factors in influencing health and illness.

DSM-5

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, a handbook used by healthcare professionals as the authoritative guide to the diagnosis of mental disorders.