A Researcher Wants to Conduct a Before/after Study on 11

question 53

Multiple Choice

A researcher wants to conduct a before/after study on 11 subjects to determine if a treatment results in any difference in scores.The null hypothesis is that the average difference is zero while the alternative hypothesis is that the average difference is not zero.Scores are obtained on the subjects both before and after the treatment.After subtracting the after scores from the before scores, the average difference is computed to be -2.40 with a sample standard deviation of 1.21.Assume that the differences are normally distributed in the population.The observed t value for this test is ___.

• A)-21.82
• B)-6.58
• C)-2.4
• D)1.98
• E)2.33

---

Definitions:

Osteoarthritis

A degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage and underlying bone, often leading to pain and stiffness.

Lung Cancer

A type of cancer that begins in the lungs, often associated with smoking and characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in lung tissue.

Visceral Pain

Pain that originates from the internal organs and is often described as a deep, aching, or gnawing sensation.

Peripheral Nerves

Nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system) to the rest of the body, transmitting sensory and motor information.