Examlex
In classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning is called a(n)
P-Value
The probability of observing a test statistic as extreme as, or more than, what was actually observed, assuming that the null hypothesis is true.
Null Hypothesis
A hypothesis that proposes no statistical significance between the two studied groups, assuming that any observed difference is due to sampling or experimental error.
Alternative Hypotheses
A statement that suggests a potential outcome or association that contradicts the null hypothesis in statistical testing.
Registered Voters
Individuals who are officially registered to participate in voting for political elections.
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