Giving Half the Members of a Group Some Purported Psychological

question 238

Multiple Choice

Giving half the members of a group some purported psychological finding and the other half an opposite result is an easy way to demonstrate the impact of

• A) the placebo effect.
• B) confounding variables.
• C) hindsight bias.
• D) the double-blind procedure.

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Definitions:

Centralization

The accumulation of decision-making power at the higher echelons of an organization.

Standardization

The process of implementing and developing technical standards to ensure consistency, safety, and interoperability of products or services across different areas or sectors.

Formalization

The extent to which organizations standardize behavior through rules, procedures, protocols, and formal structures.

Vertical Differentiation

The structuring of an organization into levels of hierarchy, often to distinguish between varying degrees of authority and responsibility.