Rats That Received Unpredictable Electric Shocks in a Laboratory Experiment

question 161

Multiple Choice

Rats that received unpredictable electric shocks in a laboratory experiment subsequently became apprehensive when returned to that same laboratory setting. This best illustrates that anxiety disorders may result from

• A) stimulus generalization.
• B) observational learning.
• C) reinforcement.
• D) classical conditioning.

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Definitions:

Marginal Utility

Marginal utility is the additional satisfaction or benefit gained from consuming one more unit of a good or service, which tends to decrease as more units are consumed.

Individual Demand

This refers to the quantity of a good or service that a single consumer is willing and able to purchase at various prices, holding other factors constant.

Normal Good

A type of good for which demand increases when income increases, and falls when income decreases, but price remains constant.

Inferior Good

A type of good for which demand decreases as the income of individuals or the economy increases, opposite to what is observed with a normal good.