If a Market Produces a Level of Output Below the Competitive

question 111

Multiple Choice

If a market produces a level of output below the competitive equilibrium,then

• A) social welfare is not maximized.
• B) consumer surplus might still be maximized.
• C) the actual price will be below the equilibrium price.
• D) social welfare might still be enhanced if a price ceiling keeps price below the competitive price.

Understand the impact of variable and fixed costs on project profitability.

Apply sensitivity analysis to assess the impact of variable changes on project NPV.

Identify the importance of operating leverage and its effect on project risk.

Distinguish between fixed costs and variable costs in a business context.

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Definitions:

Fringe Firms

Fringe firms are smaller companies in a market that compete alongside the larger, dominant firms, typically having a minimal market share.

Competitive Firms

Companies that operate in a market where no single producer or consumer has the market power to influence prices significantly.

Oligopolistic Market Outcomes

In an oligopolistic market structure, outcomes often include limited competition, price stability or price wars, and potential for collusion among the few dominant firms.

Prisoners' Dilemma

A fundamental problem in game theory showing why two individuals might not cooperate, even if it appears that it is in their best interest to do so.