How Did the 2013 Supreme Court Ruling Invalidate the Heart

question 17

Multiple Choice

How did the 2013 Supreme Court ruling invalidate the heart of the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

• A) The entire act was declared unconstitutional, since evidence of racial bias in southern election law no longer met the Court's burden of proof standard.
• B) The southern states cited in the original law no longer needed approval from the Justice Department before changing their election laws.
• C) The Court threw out the law's original provision providing federal protection for African-American voters at the polls in four southern states.
• D) Limitations were removed from the range of acceptable voter identification required for same-day registration at the polls.

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Definitions:

Persistent Unemployment

A situation where unemployment remains high or continues over a long period, often due to structural factors in the economy.

Wage Discrimination

The practice of paying different wages to employees who perform similar jobs, based on non-job-related factors like gender, race, or age.

Efficiency Wage

A wage set above the market equilibrium to increase productivity by encouraging higher effort or reducing turnover among employees.

Positive Amount of Unemployment

A situation where there is a nonzero level of unemployment in the economy, often considered normal due to frictions and transitions in the job market.