The Direction of the Proton Current in the Chloroplast F₁Fₒ

question 37

Multiple Choice

The direction of the proton current in the chloroplast F₁Fₒ ATP synthase during ATP synthesis is from

• A) stroma to cytoplasm.
• B) cytoplasm to stroma.
• C) lumen to stroma.
• D) stroma to lumen.
• E) one thylakoid to another through their lumen.

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Definitions:

Differentiation

The process by which cells or aspects of an organism change during development to serve specific functions.

Canalization

A concept in developmental biology referring to the ability of an organism to produce the same phenotype regardless of variability of its environment or genotype.

Visual Cliff

An experimental apparatus used to study infants' and young animals' perception of depth and their ability to understand visual cues related to depth.

Depth Perception

The visual ability to perceive the world in three dimensions and to judge the distance of objects.