Zach Has Always Been Good at Crossword Puzzles and Has

question 186

Multiple Choice

Zach has always been good at crossword puzzles and has done them all his life, as compared to his brother, Charlie, who hates word games and prefers to spend his time sailing. Both men are in their early 80s. When they were tested for their cognitive abilities, Zach easily outscored Charlie on the verbal measures, whereas Charlie outscored Zach on tests of visual rotation and spatial ability. Which hypothesis about the discrepancy between observed and measured cognitive performance would have predicted these results?

• A) Different amounts of experience
• B) Differences in type of cognition
• C) Different standards of evaluation
• D) Differences in the representativeness of the individuals or observations

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Definitions:

Quarterback Effect

The Quarterback Effect is the phenomenon of attributing the success of a group or team to a single individual, often the leader or most visible member.

Misinformation Effect

A phenomenon in which a person's recall of episodic memories becomes less accurate due to post-event information.

Constructive Processing Effect

The psychological phenomenon where memory retrieval involves active reconstruction using both stored information and new input, rather than merely playing back exact copies of stored data.

Constructive Processing

Refers to the way individuals build up memories based on the integration of new information with existing knowledge.