Consider Larry Summers' Assertion That the Underrepresentation of Women in Science

question 34

Multiple Choice

Consider Larry Summers' assertion that the underrepresentation of women in science is partly due to sex differences in the natural variability of cognitive abilities. What does the research on sex differences in cognitive abilities say about the truth of Summers' statement?

• A) Some evidence does suggest greater male variability, but we lack evidence that such variability is explained by nature alone.
• B) Meta-analyses indicate that differences in variability are either near zero or entirely dependent upon country and ethnicity.
• C) Contrary to the controversy, research actually supports Summers' comments. Research does point to greater male variability that is unexplained by culture.
• D) The existing evidence is too inconsistent and variable to definitively reject or support Summers' statements.

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Definitions:

Executive Order No. 8802

An executive order issued by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1941, prohibiting racial discrimination in the national defense industry, representing a significant step towards civil rights.

Racial Discrimination

Unjust treatment of individuals based on their race or ethnicity.

U.S. Strategy

The overarching plans and policies employed by the United States to safeguard national interests and achieve goals on the international stage.

Unconditional Surrender

A military surrender in which no guarantees are given to the surrendering party.