Which of the Following Are Pathologic Changes Associated with a Flail

question 13

Multiple Choice

Which of the following are pathologic changes associated with a flail chest?
1) Pneumothorax
2) Secondary pneumonia
3) Pleural effusion
4) Elevated diaphragms

• A)1, 2
• B)3, 4
• C)1, 3, 4
• D)2, 3, 4

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Definitions:

Chi-Squared Test Statistic

A statistical measure used to evaluate the differences between observed and expected frequencies in one or more categories.

Observed Frequencies

The actual number of occurrences of each possible outcome of a variable recorded in a dataset, often used in the context of chi-square tests and frequency distributions.

Expected Frequencies

The anticipated count of occurrences across different categories in a probability distribution based on a theoretical model.

Alternative Hypothesis

The hypothesis that suggests there is a significant difference or effect, in contrast to the null hypothesis.