In Some Cases, It May Seem Like There Is a Causal

question 6

Multiple Choice

In some cases, it may seem like there is a causal relationship between the independent and dependent variables even if there is no actual relationship.However, a third variable may create the illusion that there is a causal relationship.This phenomenon is called a ______.

• A)constant conjunction
• B)spurious effect
• C)correlation
• D)temporal precedence

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Definitions:

Hostility

A state of antagonism, anger, or aggression toward others, which can manifest in both emotional and behavioral aspects.

Impatience

A lack of patience; irritation with anything that causes delay.

Happiness

A state of well-being and contentment characterized by emotions ranging from satisfaction to intense joy.

Friendliness

A behavior or attitude that is warm, welcoming, and ready to engage in positive interactions with others.