The Following Experiment Is Used for the Following Question In Each of the Four Environments, One of the Caterpillars

question 41

Multiple Choice

The following experiment is used for the following question.
A researcher discovered a species of moth that lays its eggs on oak trees. Eggs are laid at two distinct times of the year: early in spring when the oak trees are flowering and in midsummer when flowering is past. Caterpillars from eggs that hatch in spring feed on oak flowers and look like oak flowers, but caterpillars that hatch in summer feed on oak leaves and look like oak twigs.
How does the same population of moths produce such different-looking caterpillars on the same trees? To answer this question, the biologist caught many female moths from the same population and collected their eggs. He put at least one egg from each female into eight identical cups. The eggs hatched, and at least two larvae from each female were maintained in one of the four temperature and light conditions listed below.
$\begin{array}{l|l}\text { Temperature } & \text { Day Length } \\\hline \text { Springlike } & \text { Springlike } \\\hline \text { Springlike } & \text { Summerlike } \\\hline \text { Summerlike } & \text { springlike } \\\hline \text { Summerlike } & \text { summerlike }\end{array}$

In each of the four environments, one of the caterpillars was fed oak flowers, the other oak leaves. Thus, there were a total of eight treatment groups (4 environments × 2 diets) .
Recall that in the experiment, caterpillars born in the spring looked like flowers, and caterpillars born in the summer looked like twigs. What is the most likely selective advantage for this difference in body shape?

• A) Looking like their food sources allows the caterpillars to move through their environment more efficiently.
• B) Development into the adult moth form is faster for caterpillars shaped like twigs than like flowers.
• C) Looking like their food source lets the caterpillars blend into their surroundings, reducing predation.
• D) Looking like their food source will increase the caterpillars' feeding efficiency; this would increase their growth rate and survival rate.

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Definitions:

Double-Declining-Balance

A method of accelerated depreciation that doubles the rate at which an asset loses value compared to straight-line depreciation.

Units-Of-Output

A depreciation method that allocates the cost of an asset based on the number of units it produces.

Straight-Line

A method of calculating depreciation of an asset by evenly spreading the cost over its useful life.

Depreciable Cost

The total cost of an asset that is subject to depreciation, which includes the purchase price, import duties, transport costs, installation charges, and other expenses, less its salvage value.