The Following Experiment Is Used for the Following Question In Each of the Four Environments, One of the Caterpillars

question 26

Multiple Choice

The following experiment is used for the following question.
A researcher discovered a species of moth that lays its eggs on oak trees. Eggs are laid at two distinct times of the year: early in spring when the oak trees are flowering and in midsummer when flowering is past. Caterpillars from eggs that hatch in spring feed on oak flowers and look like oak flowers, but caterpillars that hatch in summer feed on oak leaves and look like oak twigs.
How does the same population of moths produce such different-looking caterpillars on the same trees? To answer this question, the biologist caught many female moths from the same population and collected their eggs. He put at least one egg from each female into eight identical cups. The eggs hatched, and at least two larvae from each female were maintained in one of the four temperature and light conditions listed below.
$\begin{array}{l|l}\text { Temperature } & \text { Day Length } \\\hline \text { Springlike } & \text { Springlike } \\\hline \text { Springlike } & \text { Summerlike } \\\hline \text { Summerlike } & \text { springlike } \\\hline \text { Summerlike } & \text { summerlike }\end{array}$

In each of the four environments, one of the caterpillars was fed oak flowers, the other oak leaves. Thus, there were a total of eight treatment groups (4 environments × 2 diets) .
Recall that eggs from the same female were exposed to each of the eight treatments used. This aspect of the experimental design tested which of the following hypotheses?

• A) The longer day lengths of summer trigger the development of twig-like caterpillars.
• B) Differences in air pressure, due to elevation, trigger the development of different types of caterpillars.
• C) Differences in diet trigger the development of different types of caterpillars.
• D) The differences are genetic. A female will either produce all flowerlike caterpillars or all twig-like caterpillars.

Calculate various types of variances such as materials price and quantity variances.

Determine labor rate and labor efficiency variances.

Compute variable overhead rate and efficiency variances.

Analyze favorable and unfavorable variances and understand their implications.