Structures as Different as Human Arms, Bat Wings, and Dolphin

question 36

Multiple Choice

Structures as different as human arms, bat wings, and dolphin flippers contain many of the same bones, which develop from similar embryonic tissues. These structural similarities are an example of ________.

• A) homology
• B) convergent evolution
• C) the evolution of common structure as a result of common function
• D) the evolution of similar appearance as a result of common function

Differentiate between major developmental theories and their proponents.

Understand ethics and procedures in developmental research, including informed consent.

Recognize the role of environmental and genetic factors in development (nature vs. nurture).

Identify research designs used in developmental psychology (cross-sectional, longitudinal, sequential, experimental).

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Definitions:

Immune Responses

The body's defensive reactions to infections, diseases, or other unwanted biological invasions.

Drug-Using Context

The environmental or situational circumstances in which drug use occurs, influencing its effects and meanings.

Sugary Substances

Items or materials that have a high sugar content, often associated with sweet taste and energy provision.

Delayed Reinforcers

Rewards that do not immediately follow a behavior but occur after some time, still affecting the likelihood of the behavior's recurrence.