Use the Following Information to Answer the Question Below

question 34

Multiple Choice

Use the following information to answer the question below.
Martin Wikelski and L. Michael Romero (Body size, performance and fitness in Galápagos marine iguanas, Integrative and Comparative Biology 43 [2003]:376-86) measured the snout-to-vent (anus) length of Galápagos marine iguanas and observed the percent survival of different-sized animals, all of the same age. The graph shows the log snout-vent length (SVL, a measure of overall body size) plotted against the percent survival of these different size classes for males and females.

Currently the only predators of Galápagos marine iguanas are Galápagos hawks. Iguana body size is not correlated with risk of hawk predation, although small iguanas can sprint faster than large iguanas. If predators (for example, cats) that preferably catch and eat slower iguanas are introduced to the island, iguana body size is likely to ________ in the absence of other factors; the iguanas would then be under ________ selection.

• A) increase; directional
• B) increase; disruptive
• C) decrease; directional
• D) decrease; disruptive

---

Definitions:

Situationism

Situationism is the theory that behavior is more strongly influenced by external, situational factors than by internal traits or motivations, emphasizing the power of context in shaping human actions.

Personality Coefficient

A statistical measure that quantifies the relationship between personality traits and various outcomes or behaviors.

Relative Consistency

The concept that an individual's behavior is more consistent within similar situations than across different situations.

Person-Situation Controversy

The debate in psychology over the influence of personality traits versus situational factors in determining behavior.