Use the Following Figure and Description to Answer the Question

question 61

Multiple Choice

Use the following figure and description to answer the question.

Humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans are members of a clade called the great apes, which shared a common ancestor about 15 million years ago. Gibbons and siamangs comprise a clade called the lesser apes. Tree-branch lengths indicate elapsed time.
Assuming chimps and gorillas are humans' closest relatives, removing humans from the great ape clade and placing them in a different clade has the effect of making the phylogenetic tree of the great apes ________.

• A) polyphyletic
• B) paraphyletic
• C) monophyletic
• D) into a new order

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Definitions:

Bronchi

The major air passages of the lungs that diverge from the windpipe, providing a pathway for air to reach the lungs.

Carbon Dioxide

It's a transparent, unscented gas formed through the burning of carbon-containing compounds and the act of breathing, which is assimilated by plants in the photosynthesis process.

Bicarbonate Ions

Bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) act as a buffer in biological systems, helping to maintain pH balance in blood and other bodily fluids.

Carbonic Anhydrase

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into carbonic acid, playing a vital role in respiratory gas exchange and pH balance.