Use the Figure to Answer the Following Question

question 66

Multiple Choice

Use the figure to answer the following question.

Which extinct species should be the best candidate to serve as the outgroup for the clade whose common ancestor occurs at position 2 in the figure?

• A) A
• B) B
• C) C
• D) E

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Definitions:

Stimulus

Any event or situation that evokes a response from an organism.

Observational Learning

A process in which an individual learns new responses by observing the behavior of another (a model) rather than through direct experience; sometimes called vicarious conditioning.

Classical Conditioning

A learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired; a response that is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone.

Operant Conditioning

A method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior, aiming at the strengthening or weakening of voluntary behaviors.