The Following Question Refers to the Figure

question 40

Multiple Choice

The following question refers to the figure.
In this eight-year experiment, 12 populations of E. coli, each begun from a single cell, were grown in low-glucose conditions for 20,000 generations. Each culture was introduced to fresh growth medium every 24 hours. Occasionally, samples were removed from the populations, and their fitness in low-glucose conditions was tested against that of members sampled from the ancestral (common ancestor) E. coli population.

Compare the bacteria in the figure above in generation 1 and generation 20,000. The bacteria in generation 1 have a greater ________.

• A) efficiency at exporting glucose from the cell to the environment
• B) ability to survive on simple sugars, other than glucose
• C) ability to synthesize glucose from amino acid precursors
• D) reliance on glycolytic enzymes

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Definitions:

Venous Sinuses

Large veins found in the brain and heart that collect deoxygenated blood to return it to the right atrium of the heart.

Capillary Wall

The thin, permeable layer of tissue that forms the boundary of capillaries, allowing for the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste between blood and tissues.

Endothelium

The thin layer of cells that lines the interior surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels.

Basement Membrane

The basement membrane is a thin, fibrous layer that lies between the epithelium and the underlying connective tissue, providing support and anchorage.