Scientific Views Are Based on Evidence Rather Than an Appeal

question 72

Multiple Choice

Scientific views are based on evidence rather than an appeal to authority. Which of the following statements demonstrates a conclusion based on evidence?

• A) We conclude that lungs evolved before swim bladders because a study of branching patterns shows that some of the oldest lineages of Osteichthyes have lungs.
• B) We conclude that lungs evolved before swim bladders because Darwin wrote that swim bladders evolved before lungs in The Origin of Species.
• C) We conclude that lungs evolved before swim bladders because the oldest osteichthyan fossils show lungs arising before swim bladders.
• D) We conclude that lungs evolved before swim bladders because Hox genes direct the evolution of swim bladders but not of lungs.

Understand the role and application of different research methods in psychology including longitudinal studies, triangulation, and controlled experiments.

Recognize the utility and implications of using projective tests, informant reports, and physiological measures in psychological assessments.

Appreciate the ethical considerations in psychological research, including informed consent and the use of control groups.

Grasp the essence of experimental variables (independent and dependent) and their roles in psychological studies.

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Definitions:

Ending Work

Refers to the final stages or completion of tasks or projects in a given period.

Process Inventory

Refers to the goods and materials held by a company during its manufacturing process but not yet completed.

Cost System

A method or set of procedures used by organizations to track, record, and analyze costs associated with their operations.

Cost System

A method used to allocate costs to products, services, or projects in order to assess financial performance and profitability.